Rapid-gelling biocompatible polymer composition and associated methods of preparation and use

This invention relates generally to biocompatible polymer compositions that rapidly crosslink to form a gel. More particularly, the invention relates to a composition prepared by admixture of individually reactive polymer components, wherein the admixture initiates rapid crosslinking and gel formation. Such compositions are particularly well suited for use in a variety of tissue-related applications in which rapid adhesion to the tissue and gel formation is desired. Accordingly, the invention additionally relates to methods of using the compositions as bioadhesives, for tissue augmentation, in the prevention of surgical adhesions, for coating surfaces of synthetic implants, as drug delivery matrices, for ophthalmic applications, and in other applications, as discussed herein and/or as appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. A method is provided for the rapid formation of a biocompatible gel, and may be carried out in situ, i.e., at a selected site within a patient's body. The method involves admixing a biocompatible crosslinking component A having m sulfhydryl groups wherein m 2 and a biocompatible crosslinking component B having n sulfhydryl-reactive groups wherein n 2 and m+n>4, wherein the sulfhydryl-reactive groups are capable of covalent reaction with the sulfhydryl groups upon admixture of the components under effective crosslinking conditions to form a gel in less than one minute. Suitable reaction conditions for carrying out the crosslinking reaction will depend on the particular components and the type of reaction involved; that is, the "effective crosslinking conditions" may involve reaction in bulk or in a solvent, addition of a base, and/or irradiation of the admixture in the presence of a free radical initiator. Exemplary uses include tissue augmentation, biologically active agent delivery, bioadhesion, and prevention of adhesions following surgery or injury. Reactive gel-forming compositions and systems are also provided.