Buffer polymers, co-immobile buffer and enzyme polymers and methods of synthesis thereof

A polyurethane polymer includes at least one buffer selected to adjust pH to a pH within a desired range. The buffer compound is immobilized within the polymer, and the polymer has a buffer capacity in excess of 3 micromoles of acid or base per gram polymer. A polymer includes at least one enzyme that is selected to catalyze a reaction of a substance. The enzyme is immobilized within the polymer. The polymer also includes at least one buffer selected to adjust the pH in the vicinity of the enzyme to a pH within a desired range. The buffer compound is also immobilized within the polymer. The polymer preferably has enzyme activity and a buffer capacity in excess of 3 micromoles acid or base per gram polymer. In one embodiment, each of the enzyme(s) and the buffer(s) are covalently bonded to the polymer.