Planarization of ceramic substrates using porous materials

This invention provides a concept of using porous materials on ceramic substrate planarization. This planarized substrate comprises a ceramic substrate, a buffer layer, and a nanostructure layer. The ceramic substrate can enhance the structural strength and surface-mount capability. The buffer layer provides the adhesion between a substrate and a nanostructure layer. Nanostructure layer provides the required surface smoothness of the ceramic substrates for performing thin-film processing techniques and enhancing adhesion for metallization and electronic materials. This layer also provides required properties for integrating electronic such as thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, dielectric, etc.