Metales Soportados para Síntesis de Nitronas y Adsorción de Etileno en corrientes de Aire

The main objective of this project is the study of heterogeneous metallic catalysts for the production of fine chemicals and elimination of ultra low concentration of ethylene with horticultural applications. Development of new active and selective catalysts in industrial processes has been possible due to a simultaneous application of rational design catalysts and characterization techniques of materials. With this purpose, heterogeneous metallic catalysts with properties to reduce selectively nitro groups when other sensitive functions are present have been developed. Monometallic and bimetallic Pt and Au catalysts were estudied in reductive coupling reactions with nitrocompunds, aldehydes and H2 which have allowed to evaluate variables as support effect, solvent, metal promoter and intensity of heat treatment on their catalytic behavior.The proposed procedure offers an efficient and sustainable alternative for the production of nitronas, imines or secondary amines through a metal heterogeneous catalysts that does not require the use of soluble, often toxic, additives. On the other hand, it has been shown that silver supported on zeolite is able to adsorb high amounts of ethylene in ultra low concentrations in air (10 ppm). Taking this into account, the influence of concentration of active species according with framework used was investigated. The influence of molecules, such as H2O or CO2, in competition for the active sites on the adsorption of ethylene was studied in order to optimize their behavior in processes of adsorption of trace amounts of ethylene with horticultural applications. La presente tesis doctoral tiene como principal objetivo el estudio de catalizadores metálicos heterogéneos para la obtención de productos de química fina y la eliminación de trazas de etileno por adsorción con aplicaciones hortícolas. Gracias a la aplicación simultánea de técnicas de diseño racional de los catalizadores y a técnicas de caracterización fundamental de los materiales, ha sido posible el desarrollo de nuevos catalizadores activos y selectivos en procesos de interés industrial. Con este fin, se han desarrollado catalizadores metálicos heterogéneos con propiedades exclusivas para hidrogenar quimioselectivamente grupos nitro en presencia de otros grupos funcionales reducibles. El estudio de catalizadores monometálicos y bimetálicos de Pt, Au soportados para reacciones de acoplamiento reductivo de nitrocompuestos, aldehídos e H2 ha permiti