Efecto de tratamiento fertilizantes sobre la producción de semilla oleaginosa y el rendimiento graso en la obtención de biocombustibles en el nordeste de Brasil

[EN] Nowadays, the crude oil and its byproducts are the main resources for energy fulfillment for both industry and transportation. Despite the non-renewable and exhaustible nature of such elements is well known and leads to the end of its availability, in a few years some technical problems will be faced, such as the difficult to exportation and the environmental impact at the supply chain leads the claim for new kinds of energy production. Among them, the bio diesel produced by trans esterification of vegetable oils and animal fats highlights. The bio diesel production faces criticism regarding, mainly, the use of lands destined for food production, the access to the land and others production sources, the use of agro chemicals and irrigation water. Studies for high oil content and low inputs crops are necessary. The main goal of this research is to show alternatives for plants and fertilizer techniques witch are able to reach high oil and bio diesel production. It includes comparison between different agronomic aspects the influences at the copping, the oil quality (fatty acids profile) and its rebound on bio diesel yield, among others. The castor bean, sunflower and cotton plantation was performed during 2009 and 2010. The seeds were directly planted at the installments of "Terras Secas" experimental land of EMPARN, at Mato Grande and Pedro Avelino district (Brazilian Northeast). The experimental design was made by blocks. Each block contains 10 plants, and each cultivation has 10 blocks, composed of three treatments of fertilizer: Conventional treatment (AQ), where the plants are treated with chemical fertilizers, the organic treatment (AE), using one annual bio fertilization with 10 tons per hectare of sheep manure and one treatment without fertilization. The statistical analysis was made by a one variant study, a discriminant analysis as multi variant method and one study among variants. The castor bean crop shows a high rusticity, being resistant to dried season condition. Even on extreme conditions, this plant might be fertilized, preferable with organic fertilizer in order to reach suitable vegetative parameters, such as high vegetation, number of flowers, oil yield, and bio diesel conversion. The sunflower has obtained suitable vegetative parameters, including at no fertilizer condition. Therefore, the organic fertilizer application could replace the chemical fertilizer on sunflower crops for bio diesel production. The cotton crop for seed produ