The construction of the modern factory. The introduction of prefabrication in Terra di Lavoro

[EN] This paper focuses on the investigation and understanding of the industrial heritage designed and built in Campania region, between Naples and Caserta, by the most important Italian architects and engineers in the post-war season. The principal aim of this paper is to present the rich and heterogeneous catalogue of factories designed in these years through unpublished drawings and photos from the building sites. These examples show a notion of modularity that brings interesting innovations in terms of on-site prefabrication of modular components and construction systems. The construction of these factories is therefore in contrast with Italy s traditional building techniques based on craft approach and intense use of labour. The project of these factories is the outcome of the effort of famous architects and engineers, such as Lugi Figini e Gino Pollini, Angelo Mangiarotti, Marco Zanuso, Eduardo Vittoria, and Gigi Ghò, who experimented new structural solutions based on the orderly and coherent composition of prefabricated elements.This research stems from the revitalised interest in studies of prefabrication in Italy between the 50's to the 70's of the last century, and about the innovative aesthetic outcomes developed from it. In addition, this paper contributes to evaluate the qualitative connections between construction, geography and labour, assessing the friction between the advanced products and knowledge imported from the North and the agricultural vocation of these regions. The paper will also put in relation the development of prefabrication systems in the less-developed South of Italy in the wider context of the great industrialization boosted by political decisions and state financial helps of Cassa del Mezzogiorno . [IT] Il paper si concentra sull'indagine e la comprensione del patrimonio industriale progettato e costruito in Campania, tra Napoli e Caserta, dai più importanti architetti e ingegneri italiani del dopoguerra. L'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è quello di presentare il ricco ed eterogeneo catalogo di fabbriche progettate in questi anni attraverso disegni e foto inedite provenienti dai cantieri. Questi esempi mostrano una nozione di modularità che porta interessanti innovazioni in termini di prefabbricazione in loco di componenti e sistemi costruttivi modulari. La costruzione di queste fabbriche è quindi in contrasto con le tecniche costruttive tradizionali italiane, basate su un approccio artigianale e su un uso intenso