Kalman filter for integration of GNSS and InSAR data applied for monitoring of mining deformations

[EN] Ground deformation monitoring can be performed using different measurement methods, e.g., leveling, gravimetry, photogrammetry, laser scanning, satellite navigation systems, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and others. In the presented study we introduced an original methodology of integration of the Differential Satellite Interferometric SAR (DInSAR) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data using Kalman filter. However, technical problems related to invalid GNSS receivers functioning and noisy DInSAR results have a great impact on calculations provided only in the forward Kalman filter mode. To reduce the impact of unexpected discontinuity of observations, a backward Kalman filter was also introduced. The applied algorithm was tested in the Upper Silesian coal mining region in Poland. The paper presents the methodology of DInSAR and GNSS integration appropriate for small-scale and non-linear motions. The verification procedure of the obtained results was performed using an external data source – GNSS campaign measurements. The overall RMS errors reached 18, 16, and 42 mm for the Kalman forward, and 19, 17, and 44 mm for the Kalman backward approaches in North, East, and Up directions, respectively. This study was started in 2016 in the frames of the EPOS-PL project POIR.04.02.00-14-A003/16, and continued in 2021-2022 within the EPOS-PL+ project POIR.04.02.00-00-C005/19-00, that were funded by the Operational Program Smart Growth 2014–2020, Priority IV: Increasing research potential, Action 4.2: Development of modern research infrastructure in the science sector. The presented investigation was accomplished as part of a scientific internship at Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Netherlands, conducted within the GATHERS project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 857612. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Freek van Leijen and Hans van der Marel from TU Delft for the valuable guidance and discussions. Tondaś, D.; Rohm, W.; Ilieva, M.; Kapłon, J. (2023). Kalman filter for integration of GNSS and InSAR data applied for monitoring of mining deformations. En 5th Joint International Symposium on Deformation Monitoring (JISDM 2022). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 605-612. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/192043