Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused byMacrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources

[EN] Macrophomina phaseolinais the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of six melon accessions selected previously for their resistant response toM. phaseolina. Accessions were inoculated withM. phaseolinaisolate CMM-1531 and grown under accurately controlled environmental conditions at different temperature regimes (25, 28, 31, and 34 degrees C) in a replicated experiment. The increase in temperature increased the severity of symptoms in most genotypes, but this effect was less pronounced in the highly susceptible control, the cultivar 'Piel de sapo', and in the most resistant accession, the wild AfricanagrestisAg-15591Ghana, that remained resistant even at 34 degrees C. The use of several screening temperatures allowed a better characterization of accessions that behaved similarly as highly resistant at 25 degrees C (Con-Pat81Ko, Dud-QMPAfg, Can-NYIsr and Ag-C38Nig), but in which resistance breaking was observed with temperature rises. Temperatures of 28 degrees C and 31 degrees C were sufficient to make Dud-QMPAfg, Ag-C38Nig and Can-NYIsr moderately resistant, whereas Con-Pat81Ko remained highly resistant. All these genotypes were susceptible at 34 degrees C, which suggest that are not suitable for hot-climate growing areas. The most promising accession was Ag-15591Ghana, whose resistance was confirmed in two greenhouse experiments under stressful temperatures (>34 degrees C). The behavior of these sources should be confirmed in naturally infested fields, but the controlled screening methods presented here are essential to characterize new resistance sources and to conduct genetic studies when a high number of plants must be managed under controlled environmental conditions. This work was supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior CAPES (Brazil). This study was also partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad project AGL2014-53398-C2-2-R, by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades project AGL2017-85563-C2-1-R and by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO project para grupos de excelencia