Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Probes for the Detection of Illicit Drugs

[EN] The consumption of illicit drugs has increased exponentially in recent years and has become a problem that worries both governments and international institutions. The rapid emergence of new compounds, their easy access, the low levels at which these substances are able to produce an effect, and their short time of permanence in the organism make it necessary to develop highly rapid, easy, sensitive, and selective methods for their detection. Currently, the most widely used methods for drug detection are based on techniques that require large measurement times, the use of sophisticated equipment, and qualified personnel. Chromo- and fluorogenic methods are an alternative to those classical procedures. We thank the Spanish Government [projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)] and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for support. S.E.S thanks the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for his Juan de la Cierva contract. B.L.T and E.G. thank the Spanish Government for their predoctoral grants. L.P. also thanks the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for his predoctoral grant. Garrido-García, EM.; Pla, L.; Lozano-Torres, B.; El Sayed Shehata Nasr, S.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2018). Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Probes for the Detection of Illicit Drugs. ChemistryOpen. 7(5):401-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201800034 Komoroski, E. M., Komoroski, R. A., Valentine, J. L., Pearce, J. M., & Kearns, G. L. (2000). The Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Detection of Drug Intoxication. Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 24(3), 180-187. doi:10.1093/jat/24.3.180 Drugs of Abuse: A DEA Resource Guide 2017 World Drug Report 2017 European Drug Report: Trends and Developments 2017 Namera, A., Nakamoto, A., Saito, T., & Nagao, M. (2011). Colorimetric detection and chromatographic analyses of designer drugs in biological materials: a comprehensive review. Forensic Toxicology, 29(1), 1-24. doi:10.1007/s11419-010-0107-9 Namera, A., Kawamura, M., Nakamoto, A., Saito, T., & Nagao, M. (2015). Comprehensive review of the detection methods for synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. Forensic Toxicology, 33(2), 175-194. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0270-0 Kidwell, D. A., Holland, J. C., & Athanaselis, S. (1998). Testing for drugs of abuse in saliva and sweat. Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 713(1), 111-135. doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00572-0 Cappelle, D., De Doncker,