Escape Times Across the Golden Cantorus of the Standard Map

We consider the Chirikov standard map for values of the parameter larger than but close to Greene's $k_G$. We investigate the dynamics near the golden Cantorus and study escape rates across it. Mackay $[17,19]$ described the behaviour of the mean of the number of iterates $\left\langle N_k\right\rangle$ to cross the Cantorus as $k \rightarrow k_G$ and showed that there exists $B