Combined pancreas and kidney transplantation improves survival in patients with end-stage diabetic nephropathy

The purpose of this study was to find out whether prolonged normoglycemia, as achieved by a successful pancreas transplantation, can improve survival in patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. A retrospective analysis of actual 10‐yr patient survival rates was done for all renal graft recipients who were given transplants more than 10 yr ago but within the cyclosporin era (i.e. 1981–1988). The actual 10‐yr patient survival rate in non‐diabetic renal graft recipients was 72%. In recipients of pancreas and kidney grafts and with prolonged function of the pancreas graft, the survival rate was 60%, whereas in patients subjected to simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation, but where the pancreatic grafts failed within 2 yr, the survival rate was 33%. In diabetic recipients of kidney transplants alone, the survival rate was 37%. The patient survival rate was substantially higher in non‐diabetic patients and patients with functioning pancreas grafts compared with diabetic patients with kidney transplants alone or with failed pancreas grafts. We speculate that the decrease in mortality was due to the beneficial effect of long‐term normoglycemia on diabetic late complications.