Neuropeptide S Receptor 1 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background & Aims: The neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR1) gene has been associated recently with asthma and maps in a region of chromosome 7 previously linked also to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). NPSR1 is expressed on the epithelia of several organs including the intestine, and appears to be up-regulated in inflammation. We tested NPSR1 gene polymorphism for association with IBD and verified whether the expression of its 2 major isoforms (NPSR1-A and NPSR1-B) is altered in the intestine of IBD patients. Methods: Eight NPSR1 polymorphisms were genotyped in 2490 subjects from 3 cohorts of IBD patients and controls from Italy, Sweden, and Finland. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to quantify NPSR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in intestinal biopsy specimens from IBD patients and controls. Results: Global analysis of the whole dataset identified strong association of a NPSR1 haplotype block with IBD ( P = .0018) and its 2 major forms: Crohn’s disease (CD) ( P = .026) and ulcerative colitis (UC) ( P = .003). Genetic effects caused by individual haplotypes were identified mainly for the predisposing haplotype H2 in CD ( P = .0005) and the protective haplotype H8 in UC ( P = .003). NPSR1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in IBD patients compared with controls, and the risk haplotype H2 correlated with higher expression of both NPSR1-A ( P = .024) and NPSR1-B ( P = .047) mRNAs. Conclusions: NPSR1 polymorphism is associated with IBD susceptibility. Specific NPSR1 alleles might act as genetic risk factors for chronic inflammatory diseases of the epithelial barrier organs.