Infection with Human Papillomavirus and HIV among Young Women in Kampala, Uganda

Background. Information on the prevalence of cervical infection with different human papillomavirus (HPV) types among young women is essential to support the introduction of HPV vaccine in Uganda. Methods. Cross-sectional findings are presented from a cohort study of 1,275 sexually active women aged 12–24 years seeking health services at a clinic for teenagers in Kampala, Uganda. We assessed the presence of 39 HPV types by use of highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays. Results. The prevalence of HPV infection was 74.6%, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection was 8.6%. High-risk HPV types were found in 51.4% of women, and the most frequently detected high-risk types were, in decreasing order, HPV 52, 51, 18, and 16. A total of 71.8% of the women who were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18 were also infected with other high-risk HPV types. HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of HPV infection (87.8% vs 73.2%) and of multiple-type infections (64.6% vs 37.3%), compared with HIV-negative women. Employment in the tertiary sector, lifetime number of sexual partners, concurrent pregnancy, and the presence of genital warts were significantly associated with HPV positivity. Conclusions. The prevalence of HPV infection is high among young women in Kampala, Uganda. Clinics for teenagers provide an opportunity to monitor the impact of HPV vaccines and, possibly, to catch up unvaccinated young women who have recently become sexually active.