Risks of second primary cancer among patients with major histological types of lung cancers in both men and women

Background: Patterns of second primary cancers (SPCs) following first primary lung cancers (FPLCs) may provide aetiological insights into FPLC. Methods: Cases of FPLCs in 13 cancer registries in Europe, Australia, Canada, and Singapore were followed up from the date of FPLC diagnosis to the date of SPC diagnosis, date of death, or end of follow-up. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to estimate the magnitude of SPC development following squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Results: Among SCC patients, male SIR=1.58 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.50–1.66) and female SIR=2.31 (1.94–2.72) for smoking-related SPC. Among SCLC patients, the respective ratios were 1.39 (1.20–1.60) and 2.28 (1.73–2.95), and among ADC patients, they were 1.73 (1.57–1.90) and 2.24 (1.91–2.61). We also observed associations between first primary lung ADC and second primary breast cancer in women (SIR=1.25, 95% CI=1.05–1.48) and prostate cancer (1.56, 1.39–1.79) in men. Conclusion: The FPLC patients carried excess risks of smoking-related SPCs. An association between first primary lung ADC and second primary breast and ovarian cancer in women at younger age and prostate cancers in men may reflect an aetiological role of hormones in lung ADC.