Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts allergic rhinitis in adolescence

Background Component-resolved diagnosis might improve the prediction of future allergy in young children. Objective We sought to investigate the association between IgE reactivity to the pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) protein family and allergic rhinitis to birch pollen (ARbp ) from early childhood up to age 16 years. Method Questionnaire data and sera obtained at 4, 8, and 16 years of age from the Barn/Children Allergi/Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic (BAMSE) study birth cohort were used. Sera from 764 children were analyzed for IgE reactivity to 9 PR-10 allergen proteins at the 3 time points by using an allergen chip based on ISAC technology. ARbp was defined as upper airway symptoms during birch pollen exposure. Results IgE reactivity to Bet v 1 was found in 12%, 17%, and 25% of children at 4, 8, and 16 years of age. IgE reactivity of PR-10 proteins showed a hierarchic intrarelationship: Bet v 1 > Mal d 1 > Cor a 1.04 > Ara h 8 > Pru p 1 > Aln g 1 > Api g 1 > Act d 8 > Gly m 4. There was an increased risk of incidence and persistence of ARbp up to age 16 years with increasing levels of Bet v 1–specific IgE or increasing numbers of IgE-reactive PR-10 proteins at 4 years. Children with severe ARbp at age 16 years had higher levels of Bet v 1–specific IgE at age 4 years compared with children with mild symptoms. Conclusion ARbp at age 16 years can be predicted by analysis of IgE reactivity to PR-10 proteins in early childhood.