Sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical influences on serum testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin in men from UK Biobank

Objective Serum testosterone concentrations are affected by factors unrelated to hypothalamo‐pituitary‐testicular axis pathology. We evaluated the impact of sociodemographic, lifestyle and medical factors, on serum testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) in men aged 40‐69 years. Design Cross‐sectional analysis of 208,677 community‐dwelling men from the UK Biobank. Measurements We analysed associations of different factors with serum testosterone and SHBG (immunoassays) and calculated free testosterone (cFT), using smoothed centile plots, linear mixed models and effect size estimates. Results Median (interquartile range) for serum testosterone was 11.6 (9.4‐14.1) nmol/L, SHBG 36.9 (27.9‐48.1) nmol/L and cFT 213 (178‐255) pmol/L. Age and BMI were inversely associated with testosterone and cFT, while SHBG was associated with age and inversely with BMI (all P