The experience of return to work self-efficacy among people on sick leave

BACKGROUND: In the complex interaction between individual and environmental factors the return to work self- efficacy (RTWSE) plays a key role. RTWSE is the belief in the capacity to meet the demands required for RTW. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore how individuals on sick leave experience their RTWSE. METHOD: A modified phenomenology method was used. This perspective is useful in qualitative research to understand complex phenomena such as RTWSE. It was designed as an interview study and nine individuals participated in the age from 30 to 60 years. RESULTS: Four main themes with a total of ten sub-themes emerged from the analysis showing different aspects of RTWSE. The experience of working capacity in terms of health perception and the general sense of self-efficacy shaped the more specific RTWSE. The pursuit towards an active and fulfilling life and regaining control together with autonomy and the experience of support from others influenced the RTWSE. CONCLUSIONS: RTWSE is a global phenomenon reflecting the experience of vital parts of the life-world. RTWSE is about working capacity, but also concerns engagement in a meaningful occupation, being independent and participating. A holistic approach is therefore needed in order to strengthen self-efficacy.