Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography of Transplanted Renal Arteries: Influence of an Extended Angle of Rotation on Beam-Hardening Artifacts

Purpose: To investigate whether three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) of the transplant renal artery performed with an extended angle of rotation can reduce beam-hardening artifacts in 3D reconstructed images without image quality being lost or side effects to the transplanted kidney being increased. Material and Methods: 3D-RA with a C-arm rotation of 180° was performed consecutively in 12 renal transplanted patients with suspicion of renal artery stenosis. A 1.7-mm balloon occlusion catheter was placed using the crossover technique and this was compared to a protocol with 160° rotation and a traditional 1.4-mm catheter in 10 patients. The occurrence of beam-hardening artifacts was registered and the effects of the reduced contrast load on image quality and of arterial occlusion on renal function were assessed. Results: The extended angle of rotation, from 160° to 180°, reduced the beam-hardening artifacts. Artifacts were observed in 4 11 patients (36%) in the study group and in all 10 (100%) of the controls. There was no statistical difference regarding image quality between the two protocols. Renal function was equally affected in both protocols. Conclusion: 3D-RA with an extended C-arm rotation reduced the beam-hardening artifacts. Image quality was not reduced despite the reduced contrast medium load. The different protocols had no effect on patient outcome.