Hydroxamic acid pre-adsorption raises the efficiency of cosensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) convert light into electricity by using photosensitizers adsorbed on the surface of nanocrystalline mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films along with electrolytes or solid charge-transport materials 1 – 3 . They possess many features including transparency, multicolour and low-cost fabrication, and are being deployed in glass facades, skylights and greenhouses 4 . Recent development of sensitizers 5 – 10 , redox mediators 11 – 13 and device structures 14 has improved the performance of DSCs, particularly under ambient light conditions 14 – 17 . To further enhance their efficiency, it is pivotal to control the assembly of dye molecules on the surface of TiO 2 to favour charge generation. Here we report a route of pre-adsorbing a monolayer of a hydroxamic acid derivative on the surface of TiO 2 to improve the dye molecular packing and photovoltaic performance of two newly designed co-adsorbed sensitizers that harvest light quantitatively across the entire visible domain. The best performing cosensitized solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 15.2% (which has been independently confirmed) under a standard air mass of 1.5 global simulated sunlight, and showed long-term operational stability (500 h). Devices with a larger active area of 2.8 cm 2 exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 28.4% to 30.2% over a wide range of ambient light intensities, along with high stability. Our findings pave the way for facile access to high-performance DSCs and offer promising prospects for applications as power supplies and battery replacements for low-power electronic devices 18 – 20 that use ambient light as their energy source. Two newly designed co-adsorbed dye-sensitized solar cells that harvest light quantitatively across the entire visible domain are described, which offer promising applications as power supplies and battery replacements for low-power electronic devices.