The Use of 2D and 3D Displays in Military Settings

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the possibilities of using 3D perspective displays in different military settings, and to illustrate the limitations of 3D displays, that is, when 2D displays are to be preferred. More specifically, this thesis explores (a) readability during vibrations, (b) perception aspects on perspective aircraft displays, and (c) the value of spatial cues in 3D air traffic displays in military settings. The results show, for example, that vertical vibrations influence recognition performance negatively. The recognition of 2D and 3D symbols, as well as judgment of relations between symbols on a 3D display, may indeed be an arduous task. Results, further, indicate improved performance for relation judgments between objects in 3D space in dynamic rather than static scenarios in tactical indicators. In situations where perception of a direction nevertheless is problematic, enhancements like, for example, drop-lines may improve performance. From a practical point of view the goal has been to investigate the possibility to develop and use a 3D perspective display in an airplane like JAS 39 Gripen. A general conclusion is that 3D displays indeed can be used in many situations but it is important to seriously consider any possible limitations of 3D displays. The future work should be focused on implementing and testing the tactical display in a real setting with real military pilots.