Graphene nanochains and nanoislands in the layers of room-temperature fluorinated graphite

Intercalated compound of graphite fluoride with n-heptane has been synthesized at room temperature using a multi-stage process including fluorination by a gaseous BrF3 and a set of intercalant exchange reactions. It was found that composition of the compound is CF0.40(C7H16)0.04 and the guest molecules interact with the graphite fluoride layers through the van der Waals forces. Since the distance between the filled layers is 1.04nm and the unfilled layers are separated by ∼0.60nm, the obtained compound can be considered as a stack of the fluorinated graphenes. These fluorinated graphenes are large in area making it possible to study local destruction of the π conjugated system on the basal plane. It was shown that fluorine atoms form short chains, while non-fluorinated sp2 carbon atoms are organized in very narrow ribbons and aromatic areas with a size smaller than 3nm. These π electron nanochains and nanoislands preserved after the fluorination process are likely responsible for the value of the energy gap of the compound of ∼2.5eV. Variation in the size and the shape of π electron regions within the fluorinated graphene layers could be a way for tuning the electronic and optical characteristics of the graphene-based materials.