Examining the role of integration in marine spatial planning: Towards an analytical framework to understand challenges in diverse settings

•Develops a framework to examine the multiple roles and functions of integration in MSP.•Describes integration challenges, problems and solutions across diverse case studies.•Describes different integrated responses involving multiple approaches and mechanisms for their implementation.•Shows how an analytical focus on integration can shed light on the various ‘balances’ commonly sought after in MSP.•Assessment of integrative responses must be understood in relation to MSP’s overarching sustainability goals.