Release of micro- and nanoparticles from a polypropylene/clay nanocomposite, a methodology for controlled degradation and evaluation

A methodology was developed for qualitative assessment and characterisation of particle losses from nanocomposites during service life. The methodology can be generalised to other systems where the material fragments during ageing and can be extended to quantitative analysis. A chamber was constructed for ageing of selected materials, which enabled effective collection and subsequent analysis of released particles. A combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was found to be suitable for characterising particles in terms of size, shape and content. The methodology was tested on a common nanoclay composite with polypropylene as the matrix. There was no need for physical/mechanical wear to generate particles, slow flow of air and elevated temperature led to cracking and fragmentation of the material, and subsequent release of nanocomposite particles containing embedded or protruding clay. The release of pure clay particles and polypropylene particles was also detected. Using the methodology, it was observed that even in ‘mild’ degradation conditions (pure thermo-oxidation with no wear), fillers and nanocomposite particles can be released to the environment, which is an environmental and health concern. [Display omitted] •Methodology to evaluate the release of nano/microparticles from nanocomposites.•Flexible and easy movable chamber set up for the ageing process.•EDS, SEM and TEM for the analysis of particles.•Particles readily released without any mechanical impact.•High temperature aged clay/polypropylene nanocomposite.