Eocene Shark Teeth From Peninsular Antarctica: Windows to Habitat Use and Paleoceanography
Eocene climate cooling, driven by the falling pCO2 and tectonic changes in the Southern Ocean, impacted marine ecosystems. Sharks in high‐latitude oceans, sensitive to these changes, offer insights into both environmental shifts and biological responses, yet few paleoecological studies exist. The Mi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology 2024-11, Vol.39 (11), p.n/a |
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Zusammenfassung: | Eocene climate cooling, driven by the falling pCO2 and tectonic changes in the Southern Ocean, impacted marine ecosystems. Sharks in high‐latitude oceans, sensitive to these changes, offer insights into both environmental shifts and biological responses, yet few paleoecological studies exist. The Middle‐to‐Late Eocene units on Seymour Island, Antarctica, provide a rich, diverse fossil record, including sharks. We analyzed the oxygen isotope composition of phosphate from shark tooth bioapatite (δ18Op) and compared our results to co‐occurring bivalves and predictions from an isotope‐enabled global climate model to investigate habitat use and environmental conditions. Bulk δ18Op values (mean 22.0 ± 1.3‰) show no significant changes through the Eocene. Furthermore, the variation in bulk δ18Op values often exceeds that in simulated seasonal and regional values. Pelagic and benthic sharks exhibit similar δ18Op values across units but are offset relative to bivalve and modeled values. Some taxa suggest movements into warmer or more brackish waters (e.g., Striatolamia, Carcharias) or deeper, colder waters (e.g., Pristiophorus). Taxa like Raja and Squalus display no shift, tracking local conditions in Seymour Island. The lack of difference in δ18Op values between pelagic and benthic sharks in the Late Eocene could suggest a poorly stratified water column, inconsistent with a fully opened Drake Passage. Our findings demonstrate that shark tooth bioapatite tracks the preferred habitat conditions for individual taxa rather than recording environmental conditions where they are found. A lack of secular variation in δ18Op values says more about species ecology than the absence of regional or global environmental changes.
Plain Language Summary
Sharks have adapted to environmental changes for over 450 million years, but we still do not fully understand how climate change affects them. During the Eocene (56–33.9 million years ago), sharks thrived around the world during warm periods and declined as the planet cooled. Cooling during the Eocene, brought by falling CO2 and the opening of tectonic gateways in the Southern Ocean, offers an opportunity to see how sharks experienced climate change and how circumpolar currents formed around Antarctica. Here, we analyze tooth chemistry from pelagic sharks, which live close to the water surface, and benthic sharks, which live close to the seafloor, from Seymour Island off the Antarctic Peninsula, a locality close to the Drake Passa |
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ISSN: | 2572-4517 2572-4525 2572-4525 |
DOI: | 10.1029/2024PA004965 |