A high‐resolution study of the X‐ray emission and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect in the Bullet cluster (1E 0657−56)

ABSTRACT High‐resolution imaging of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect opens new possibilities for testing the presence of various high‐energy particle populations in clusters of galaxies. A detailed X‐ray analysis of the ‘Bullet cluster’ (1E 0657−56) with Chandra has revealed the presence of additional X‐ray spectral components beyond a simple, single‐temperature plasma in its X‐ray spectra. X‐ray methods alone are insufficient to elucidate the origins of these spectral components. We show that the morphology and magnitude of the SZ effect at high frequencies are critically dependent upon the mechanism by which the additional X‐ray spectra are created. We examine the differences between the predicted SZ effect emission maps at 600 GHz assuming the X‐ray spectra are composed of thermal gas with a steep power‐law index component and also thermal gas with a significant contribution of strongly heated gas. A two‐temperature model with a hot (kT ≃ 30–40 keV) second component is the most consistent with existing SZ data at high frequencies. However, significant morphological differences remain. High‐angular‐resolution SZ intensity maps at high frequencies in combination with deep X‐ray data provide a new window into understanding particle energization processes in the hottest, massive merging galaxy clusters.