Potential and cost-effectiveness of CO2 reductions through energy measures in Swedish pulp and paper mills

Using the two criteria of potential CO(sub2) reduction and cost of CO(sub2) reduction, technical energy measures in Swedish pulp and paper mills were investigated. Among the measures investigated, conventional technologies for electricity conservation and improved electrical conversion efficiency in existing (heat and power) cogeneration systems were identified as the most cost-effective alternatives with large CO(sub2) reduction potentials. Commercialized black liquor gasification, CO(sub2) capture and reliable CO(sub2) sequestration technologies are identified as important potential contributors to Swedishcompliance with Kyoto protocol targets, especially in a scenario of nuclear power closure. (Original abstract - amended)