Organizational Lessons Learned: Natural Hazards Affecting Critical Infrastructure

This thesis focuses on an issue often presented as a solution – albeit a debated one ­– namely learning, specifically lessons learned from natural hazard events. Empirically, this thesis examines flooding and avalanches in a Swedish context, centering on systematic feedback mechanisms and learning from extreme events. Opportunities to and constraints affecting learning and knowledge sharing are discussed. The thesis comprises four papers, collectively contributing a description of aspects of learning and feedback in a case study setting of the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) [Trafikverket], and providing an understanding of the present level of knowledge and awareness of climate change related natural hazards, as well as how knowledge sharing may give incentives and understanding for change. The notion of social learning is that individuals, groups, and organizations (and ultimately society) can learn from one another in a context, i.e. fostering mutual change. The goal of learning and using feedback is to create an opportunity to address changes in a thoughtful and explicit manner. At the same time, there is an implicit idea that learning occurs automatically somehow, which is problematized on the basis of the cases in the articles. An interdisciplinary approach was adopted to obtain understanding of lessons learned related to natural hazards affecting critical infrastructure in Sweden. Interdiciplinarity refers to the use of theories from different research fields to achieve synergies in the search for explanations and useful understanding. The different objectives and aims of each paper have increased understanding of mechanisms related to aspects of feedback, learning and knowledge sharing after natural hazard impacts. Each paper also provides examples of opportunities and constraints to feedback mechanisms and learning in a collective context. Denna avhandling fokuserar på ett problem som ofta presenterats som en lösning, nämligen lärande. Mer specifikt fokuserar avhandlingen på lärande från naturolyckor och återkopplingsmekanismer inom och mellan organisationer Empiriskt undersöker denna avhandling översvämningar och laviner i ett svenskt sammanhang. Fokus är på att öka förståelse av hur lärdomar relaterade till naturolyckor påverkar kritisk infrastruktur i Sverige: hur dessa fenomen förstås, och hur kunskapsåterföring av erfarenheter används i det som kallas ”lessons learned”. Målet med att lära och använda feedback är att skapa möjlighet att