An unusual continuous paramagnetic-limited superconducting phase transition in 2D NbSe2

Time reversal and spatial inversion are two key symmetries for conventional Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superconductivity 1 . Breaking inversion symmetry can lead to mixed-parity Cooper pairing and unconventional superconducting properties 1 – 5 . Two-dimensional (2D) NbSe 2 has emerged as a new non-centrosymmetric superconductor with the unique out-of-plane or Ising spin–orbit coupling (SOC) 6 – 9 . Here we report the observation of an unusual continuous paramagnetic-limited superconductor–normal metal transition in 2D NbSe 2 . Using tunelling spectroscopy under high in-plane magnetic fields, we observe a continuous closing of the superconducting gap at the upper critical field at low temperatures, in stark contrast to the abrupt first-order transition observed in BCS thin-film superconductors 10 – 12 . The paramagnetic-limited continuous transition arises from a large spin susceptibility of the superconducting phase due to the Ising SOC. The result is further supported by self-consistent mean-field calculations based on the ab initio band structure of 2D NbSe 2 . Our findings establish 2D NbSe 2 as a promising platform to explore novel spin-dependent superconducting phenomena and device concepts 1 , such as equal-spin Andreev reflection 13 and topological superconductivity 14 – 16 . Tunnelling spectroscopy reveals a continuous closing of the superconducting gap at low temperature and high in-plane magnetic field in few-layer NbSe 2 , due to the Ising spin–orbit coupling of these materials.