Satellite data application for renewable energy: a comparative study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Solar energy resources have great potential to contribute towards the long-lasting energy deficiency problems being faced by Pakistan. The aim of this study was to utilize 22 years (1983–2005) satellite-based data sets of direct normal irradiation, global horizontal irradiation, day light hours, cloud amount, and Linke turbidity factor for six districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Chitral, Peshawar, Dir, Dera Ismail Khan, Buner, and Mansehra), respectively, making use of the multi-criteria analysis (MCA). In case of the monthly averages for direct normal irradiation, except Chitral and Dera Ismail Khan, other districts appeared with similar patterns having two maximum peaks, one between April and June and the other peak between October and November. Comparison of monthly averages for global horizontal irradiation showed one peak for all districts between June and July. It should be noted that Peshawar and Buner districts were identified with significant high irradiation (direct normal irradiation and global horizontal irradiation) all over the year as compared to other districts. Multi-criteria analysis involved, creating suitable criteria for selected variables then classification (based on each variable magnitude), and scores were then assigned to each class. Out of six districts, Peshawar district was identified with maximum total score. It was concluded that based on the methodology applied in this research, Peshawar district appeared as the best location for exploiting in terms of solar power. The government should give its full attention towards solar energy resources to overcome the energy crises and therefore help to improve the economic condition of the country.