Synthesis of Chalcone Derivative from Clove Leaf Waste as a Natural Antioxidant

The synthesis of chalcone derivatives from clove leaf waste and their potential application as natural antioxidants have been studied. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives takes six steps: ( 1 ) distillation of clove leaf oil waste, ( 2 ) isolation of eugenol from clove leaf oil, ( 3 ) isomerization reaction of eugenol to produce isoeugenol, ( 4 ) oxidation reaction of isoeugenol to produce vanillin, ( 5 ) O-allylation reaction of vanillin to produce 4-allyloxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde, and ( 6 ) Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of compound 5 with acetophenone to yield 3-(4-allyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl prop-2-en-1-one as chalcone derivative of target molecule in 97.28% yield. The antioxidant activity was evaluated in oleic acid oxidation reaction in comparison to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as a standard by using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The test showed that the order of antioxidant activity was as follows : BHT > 3-(4-allyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl prop-2-en-1-one > vanillin > 4-allyloxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde.