Design and Physicochemical Characterization of Lysozyme Loaded Niosomal Formulations as a New Controlled Delivery System

Lysozyme loaded niosomes containing various molar ratios of two kinds of surfactants were prepared and the properties of these niosomal formulations were studied. The results revealed that the size of niosomes varied between 240.06 ± 32.41 and 895.2 ± 20.84 nm. Formulations with the lowest size and no precipitation had entrapment efficiencies ranging from 60.644 ± 3.310 to 66.333 ± 1.98%. Their controlled release profiles after 48 h were 15.67, 20.67 and 31.50%. After 2 months, the most stable formulation in terms of size, PDI, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency was used to study the secondary structures of lysozyme in niosomal and free forms. Lysozyme loaded niosome and lysozyme adsorbed on the surface of niosome fell into one category in terms of the formation of α-helix,β -sheet, and turn structures. This study suggests that niosomes could be a promising delivery system for lysozyme with prolonged release profiles, which can be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.