Efficacy of adaptive servo-ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure treatment in chronic heart failure with sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is recognized as an effective adjuvant therapy for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF + SDB). In recent years, some studies have found that adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) has a negative impact on survival, especially among patients with central sleep apnea (CSA), the use of which is controversial. This study aims to explore the effects of NPPV on cardiac function and survival in patients with sleep-disordered breathing and chronic congestive heart failure. This meta-analysis was based on literature searches of publications published before August 31, 2019, in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. A total of 88 independent studies were summarized and compared, comprising a sampling of 19,259 subjects. Compared with the nontreatment group, treatment with ASV had no effect on all-cause mortality in patients with HFrEF + CSA (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13 [0.84, 1.51]). Short-term treatment with ASV, e.g., 3–6 months, was significantly beneficial regarding event-free survival in patients with HFrEF + CSA (HR = 0.13 [0.04, 0.45]). Periodic short-term (e.g., 3–6 months) positive-pressure ventilation can significantly improve cardiac function, which is beneficial for the survival of patients with HFrEF + CSA. Attention should be paid to the length and period of treatment, as prolonged treatment may have negative effects.