Knee laxity, lateral meniscus tear and distal femur morphology influence pivot shift test grade in ACL injury patients

Purpose Although several factors have been considered to be associated with pivot shift test grade in ACL injured patients, a conclusion regarding which factors contribute to the pivot shift test grade has not been reached. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with preoperative pivot shift test grade. Methods Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of preoperative pivot shift test grade (Mild: grade 0–3, Severe: grade 4–6). First, 13 independent variables (age, gender, period from injury to surgery, hyperextension, KT measurement, contralateral side pivot shift test grade, medial and lateral tibial slope, lateral condyle length, lateral condyle height, distal femoral condyle offset, medial and lateral meniscus tear) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Chi-squared test. Binary Logistic regression was then performed based on the results of univariate analyses (independent variables of p