Innovation in the Turkish Budgetary System: Recent Developments in Public Governance

From the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, the lack of sufficient entrepreneurs forced the public sector to be active in the economy. Even though the public sector became very important in taking on this facilitative role, Turkey has never adopted strict major state control (etatism) of economic activities. Nevertheless, the state’s role was crucial, with many state economic enterprises being founded, and it undertook the main infrastructural investments and provided employment possibilities.