Terrestrial and aircraft differential kinematic GPS positioning

During 1986–87 IAPG has carried out several differential kinematic GPS positioning tests on land using GPS carrier phases and pseudo-ranges, TI 4100 dual-frequency receivers and commercial TI 4100 Navigator as well as GESAR 32.1 software. In August 1987 the concept was used to determine the coordinates of a photogrammetric camera in a flying aircraft. The paper presents the results of the land and flight tests and analyzes it in various ways. The models and requirements for kinematic GPS surveying are discussed. It is shown that accuracies in relative position of ± 1 – 2 cm in the kinematic mode (over a range of 10 km) are possible when using carrier phases and pseudo-ranges in two frequencies.