Reweighted sparse source-location acoustic mapping in shallow water

Various applications for monitoring and surveillance in littoral waters rely on passive sonar for localizing acoustic sources in shallow-water environments. Although adaptive matched-field processing (MFP) has been successfully used for localization, its performance is degraded when localizing multiple sources at low signal-to-noise ratios and in the presence of model mismatch. Robust MFP using, e.g., the white-noise constraint offers an alternative to cope with the mismatch issue but remains ineffective in the multisource and low signal-to-noise ratio set-up. This work capitalizes on sparsity for constructing a source location map for shallow water environments. Sparsity naturally arises since only locations corresponding to acoustic sources are expected to appear in the map (nonzero entries), while the remaining map locations are empty (zero entries). A high-resolution map is constructed via a two-step approach that capitalizes on a model for the acoustic propagation environment while being robust to model mismatch. During the first step the robust map is obtained by solving a regularized least-squares problem. Then, the map coefficients are used to devise a modified criterion with a weighted regularizer yielding a lower-ambiguity map, facilitating detection of quiet sources in the presence of loud interferers.