A review of natural disaster and stock market

Natural disasters have significantly increased in occurrence and severity, causing substantial destruction and loss of human lives. Existing research predominantly focuses on the immediate impacts of disasters, lacking in-depth analyses of long-term financial market repercussions. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of natural disasters on the stock markets, specifically focusing on hydrology, geophysics, meteorology, and climatology disasters. This study reviews the literature on the effects of natural disasters on the financial market by utilising the Scopus database from 2018 to 2023 and focuses the discussion on three areas, i.e., the relationship between natural disaster events and the stock market, methodologies, and the geographical area of the study. The findings indicate that stock market response varies based on criteria such as the type of natural hazards, geographical location, and industrial sector. Regression analysis, GARCH models, and event studies have emerged as the prevailing techniques employed in this field of study. The findings indicated that most studies concentrated on developed economies such as the US, Europe, and Japan. Future research should consider a broader scope of topics, including emerging nations, and utilise more sophisticated analytical methods. The findings of this study are essential for improved decision-making and risk mitigation strategies in the face of escalating climate change risks.