Evaluating modeling approaches for Rb-129Xe spin-exchange optical pumping and the effect of Rb vapor density heterogeneity

The applicability of commonly used 129Xe nuclear polarization ( P Xe) buildup models to large optical cell polarizers, which operate at lower gas pressures when compared to small cell polarizers for which spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) models were originally developed, has yet to be systematically evaluated. In addition, spatial heterogeneity of Rb vapor density ( [ Rb ]) and its impact on SEOP in low pressure, large optical cell polarizers remains poorly understood. In this theoretical study, it was shown that 1D analytical and numerical P Xe buildup models yield diverging P Xe and critical flow rate values at low flow rates and high laser absorption, contributing to the discrepancy between theoretical and experimentally measured production rates. Additionally, it was found that [ Rb ] heterogeneity leads to lower P Xe buildup and an undesirable increase in optimal cell temperature, while the optimal laser absorption remains relatively unchanged. The updated simulation framework presented here can be utilized to model other SEOP systems.