Decolorization of victoria blue dye by garbage enzyme from pineapple waste: Remediation efficacy and statistical optimization of fermentation condition

The accumulation of pineapple waste in agricultural industries is a key concern that emerged due to microbial spoilage, foul odor, and costly disposal problems. Therefore, this study exploited the garbage enzyme (GE) converted from the pineapple waste for dye decolorization application. This research was conducted with the objective to screen variables such as, incubation time, temperature, pH, and sonication time, that influenced the fermentation of GE based on protease, amylase, and lipase activities, as well as the dye decolorizing activities. Based on the research, it was demonstrated that the optimum amylase activity was 2192 ± 98 U/mL at 2 days incubation, 37°C, pH 7, and sonication time of 35 minutes. Consequently, for lipase and protease activity, the optimum conditions were achieved at 2 days of incubation at 37°C, pH 7, and 20 minutes of sonication time with activities of 6.39 ± 0.13 U/mL and 0.248 ± 0.006 U/mL, respectively. The decolorization of Victoria Blue (VB) dye at 100 mg/L shows that by 6 hours, it can achieve 50% decolorization and at 48 hours, it can decolorize 90% of the dye. The initial concentration affects the decolorization of the VB as the lower the concentration the higher the decolorization rate. Also, through the decolorization, the pH value will change over time, due to the GE concentration on dye. The FTIR analysis confirmed the biodegradation of Victoria Blue dye by garbage enzyme application.