Effect of tool rotation speed on friction stir welding aluminum

This study aims to determine the effect of tool rotation speed on friction stir welding aluminum, The aluminum used is AA 1060, and a friction stir welding tool with a cylinder thread pin tool profile is used. The parameters are clockwise rotation of 800 and 1125 rpm, 2° tilt angle, and welding speed of 30 mm/min. The tests used are the visual test, radiography test, tensile test, impact charpy test, vickers hardness test, and macrostructure test. The test results show that FSW with a tool rotation of 1125 rpm better than 800 rpm, with a joint efficiency of 50%, while at a tool rotation of 800 rpm there is a decrease in joint efficiency to 47.6%, due to the influence of defects in the form of tunnels, in addition to the low welding speed factor, causing an increase in heat in the surface area, causing high temperatures in the weld zone, which causes grain refinement and increases hardness in the weld metal area.