Design and implementation of an electrical muscle stimulator for clinically and physical treatment application

The purpose of electrical stimulation is to take advantage of the physiological effects of electrical current on muscles to strengthen muscles, delay muscle atrophy, treat pain, increase range of motion, treat frozen shoulder, and other treatments. In the recent period, paralysis has increased the incidence of muscle and nerves as a result of the increase in accidents and sports injuries, which calls for the need to treat these injuries and relieve pain through electrical stimulation. The current work focuses on the design, construction, and testing of the electrical muscle stimulator and measurement of muscle activity device by using a specific current and difference potential on the muscle to achieve a muscle physiological response or to activate a specific mechanism in it. In order to design the device, cases that can be treated with electrical stimulation were studied, then an electronic circuit was designed that controls many transactions and applies electrical signals with variable voltage and frequency, where the physiotherapist chooses the values required for these transactions to obtain treatment patterns commensurate with the different cases of illnesses and responses of patients. The working principle of the current device is based on the generation of sine, triangular or square waves that are fed into a DC generator to obtain a constant therapeutic current, the values of which and at the time of application were controlled by controlling the input voltage of the generator by a microcontroller. The EMS-produced device is a portable and low-cost diagnostic device that can be used in the medical, sports, and therapeutic fields, to assess the functions and health of muscles, diagnose patients with muscular problems, and research biomechanics, neuromuscular physiology, etc. The device also provides information on the generated electrical signals that are immune from environmental noise, which the clinician can use to make a diagnosis or achieve the most appropriate response.