Oil spill distribution analysis using multi sensor satellite data in Batam-Bintan and Karawang waters

Oil spills have become serious problems for coastal and marine environment. Oil spills incidents often occur in Batam-Bintan and Karawang waters. During Northwest monsoon, oil spills often found littering Batam and Bintan north coastal area. In Karawang waters there are a lot of oil and gas activities that cause risk of oil spills. Remote sensing technology is a solution to monitor oil spills in the sea. Active remote sensing or radar and passive/optical remote sensing have their own advantages in detecting oil spills. By using multitemporal and multi sensor satellite data, monitoring of oil spill can be done in periodic time in area that are vulnerable to oil spills. This study used SAR and optical data to monitor waters area that are often found oil spills. This study aimed to detect oil spills in Batam-Bintan and Karawang waters using multi sensor and multitemporal satellite data in 2021, and to analyze spatiotemporal distribution of oil spill, and compare oil spill pattern of the two areas. The study used Sentinel-1A, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B data from January to December 2021. Oil spill detection from SAR data used dark spot object detection method. Oil spill detection from Sentinel-2 used RGB composite of SWIR-NIR-Red band. Analysis of oil spill from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 from January to December 2021, in Batam-Bintan waters mostly found from January to April, then decreased, and increase in November, and mostly found in north of Bintan to the north until east of Malay peninsula. In Karawang, oil spills mostly found in March-April, and July-August, but every month oil spills was found in this area. Oil spill in Karawang mostly located from near the coast up to around 20 km to the shore.