Heat transfer characteristics on shell and tube heat exchanger using TiO2/water-ethylene glycol nanofluid

Nanofluids can improve heat transfer characteristics compared to base fluids. The increase in heat transfer is influenced by the thermal properties of the nanofluid. The nanofluid used is a mixture of ethylene glycol/water added with TiO2 nanoparticles. Nanofluid at a temperature of 27 °C was applied to a shell and tube heat exchanger to determine the characteristics of heat transfer. In the process of synthesis of nanofluids prepared, such as (1) water; (2) ethylene glycol; (3) ethylene glycol-water with volume ratios of 40:60, 60:40, and 80:20; (4) PVP surfactant; and (5) TiO2 nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.05%. The method used in the synthesis of nanofluids is a two-step method. The effect of ethylene glycol-water mixture ratio and water flow on the heat exchanger studied in this study. The nanofluid (cold fluid) used in the heat exchanger is 0.3. 0.6 and 0.9 L/min, while the water flow rate (hot fluid) used was 0.7 L/min at 60 °C. The results of this study indicate that the highest heat transfer efficiency value is nanofluid with ethylene glycol-water 40:60 at a water flow of 0.9 L/min.