In vitro seed germination of Indonesian native orchid vanda hybrid

Vanda orchids are the most popular native Indonesian orchids and have high economic value. This study's explanations were seeds from the crossing of Vanda limbata Blume and Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis, each commonly found in East Nusa Tenggara and on the slopes of Mount Merapi, respectively. Crossing the superior characteristics of various Indonesian local orchids is expected to produce superior, unique, and distinctive orchid hybrids. Genetic improvement through crossbreeding can improve the quality of orchids, whereas increasing the quantity can be done by propagation through in vitro culture. Explants used were seeds of six-month-old Vanda hybrid fruit sown on VW medium added with coconut water 150 ml/l. Morphological observations of Vanda hybrid seeds were carried out every week for 4 months. The results show that the growth phases of orchids are classified into six phases. In the first phase, embryos are 2 weeks after sowing (WAS) old (seed coat or testa are ruptures and their size increases); the second phase is 4 WAS old (greenish-yellow); the third phase is 7 WAS old (green and the first protrusion appears in the apical section); the fourth phase is 9 WAS old (the first leaf forms and second protrusion appear); the fifth phase is 14 WAS old (has two leaves) and the sixth phase is 16 WAS old (has two leaves and roots).