A proposed IoNT-based system to monitoring the validity of Covid-19 vaccine

The issue of protecting and monitoring the validity of the vaccine until its use is a problem that affects people's lives, especially in countries that lack adequate facilities to ensure the validity of the vaccine, as these vaccines can lose their effects if exposed to conditions outside the recommended restrictions during storage or transportation. In this article, the authors propose an effective system for monitoring the validity of Covid-19 vaccine and warning the users in real-time in case the vaccine becomes out of the supply chain conditions. The proposed system consists of three layers: the first layer is an Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) network that contains nano sensors to monitor the conditions of the vaccine vial; The second layer is the facilities of communication that achieve contact between the vaccine vial and the user; The third layer, is the users who represent the vaccine sponsor, state healthcare center and local healthcare providers.