Current development of bio-waste materials application as alternative sorbent for purifying industrial wastewater

This review article discusses the latest application of various biowaste materials as effective and efficient sorbents for removing different harmful pollutants, including oil and grease, phenolic compounds, dyes, heavy metals, and antibiotic-related contaminants from contaminated water and wastewater. Furthermore, several related aspects of the adsorption process, the influential factors, and the proven potentiality of selected sorbents derived from biowaste materials such as tree bark, tea and coffee waste, animal bone, and other animal remains are also included. The biomass is rich in organic and inorganic compounds and functional groups in nature, playing a critical role in eliminating undesirable pollutants from contaminated solutions. Overall, based on the literature review, a brief conclusion can be drawn that disposed or unused biomaterials have good potentiality as effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly sorbent material.