Review on modern day irrigation methods in endodontics

Irrigation plays a significant role in effective root canal therapy. It has different significant goals, which vary with the type of irrigant being used. The process of irrigation involves flushing out a root channel with water or a solution. Root canals have spaces that cannot be washed via mechanical means. The solution must enter the periapical portion of the root canal in order to achieve superior performance. Irrigation is mainly used because it is solely the one process which can impact those regions of the wall of the root channel which mechanical instruments cannot. In order to eliminate the bacteria from the walls of the root canal, irrigation techniques are used in endodontics. The two aims of an irrigation system are mechanical and biological functions. The mechanical and chemical goals of an irrigation method include functions such as detritus flushing, canal lubrication, tissue dissolution (organic and inorganic) and removal smear layer, whereas biological objectives include antimicrobic function. The purpose of study is to analyze and compare the different irrigation methods present in the field of endodontics and to determine the optimum method for a successful root canal treatment.