Bromelain nanoemulsion formulation resulting from partial purification of pineapple core (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) and in vitro testing as antiinflammation

This study aims to formulate bromelain from isolation and partial purification of pineapple core into nanoemulsion base for its application as anti-inflammation. Isolation of bromelain is carried out by several steps of purification such as fractionation with ammonium sulphate and dialysis. The best bromelain fraction was obtained at the saturation level of 20-50% ammonium sulphate with a specific activity of 49,54 U/mg, then the fraction was dialyzed to increase the enzyme-specific activity to 152,57 U/mg with a purity level of 12.66 times of the crude enzyme. The dialyzed bromelain enzyme was incorporated 3% into the best nanoemulsion base. The best formulation is owned by nanoemulsion F(OO) with olive oil as a variation of its oil phase, this nanoemulsion has an oil in water (O/W) emulsion type with globule size of 16.74 nm and a good polydispersity index of 0.312. The stability of the nanoemulsion base was observed until 6 weeks with transparent visual results, pH changes were still in accordance with the pH of the skin, and no phase separation. The proteolytic activity of the bromelain enzyme in nanoemulsion decreased from 12.45 U/ml to 2.33 U/ml followed by the decrease in protein concentration from 81.6 mg/l to 39.98 mg/l. In vitro penetration studies with franz diffusion cells method showed that isolated and partially purified bromelain can penetrate into membranes with the penetrated cumulative amount of 3056.84 µg.cm−2 and penetration rate (flux) 84.65 µg.cm−2.hours . This result supports HRBC (Human Red Blood Cell) membrane stabilization test which shows that nanoemulsion bromelain isolation still has anti-inflammatory activity with% stability of 25.51%.