Avalanche-proof constructions dynamics and their scientific-technical support

The article presents the problem of uninterrupted and year-round operation of mountain roads where traffic often stops due to the danger of avalanche collapses and destruction of the avalanche-proof structures. In the Central part of the Main Caucasian ridge, two particularly high-altitude pass roads are laid: the Georgian Military road and the pass road through the Roksky pass (Transkam) at an absolute altitude of more than 2000m above sea level. On these roads many anty-avalanche structures of rectangular scheme, are built which are not provided with static stability and are sometimes destroyed creating catastrophic conditions for the movement of vehicles and people. The construction of such avalanche-proof structures was carried out without scientific and technical support during the design, as well as during the operational period. The static equilibrium during the operational period was disturbed due to the unfortunate location of the avalanche-proof structure in the environment. On the shelf of the road, where the avalanche-proof structures were located on the inner (upland) side it was planned to fill with loose soil and on the outer side to leave an open space. When moisture penetrates in to the closed space of the system "wall-dry ground mass" transforms state passed into a dynamic, state from the static one then the structure came into disrepair, creating dangerous conditions on the road and the threat of the structure destruction. The main reason for the transition of the structure from static to dynamic state and its destruction should be attributed to the lack of expertise-scientific and technical support of the project. The application of forces from the upland side and the absence of opposing forces from the outside space, created the conditions of deformation and destruction of the structure.