The effect of MgO, CNT, TiO2 addition on transport properties and formation (Bi,Pb)-2223 prepared by solid state method and recurrent sintering

The effect of MgO, CNT, TiO2 addition on the structural and transport properties of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O8 superconducting samples have been investigated. The samples were prepared by solid-state method and recurrent sintering. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and electrical resistivity measurement. The critical superconductivity transition temperature (Tc) of MgO, CNT, TiO2 addition were found to be lower than the pure sample. Tc-onset was found 121.5 K; 117.5 K; 120.8 K; 120.1 K with broad transition 15.4 K; 15.8 K; 22 K; 46.8 K for pure BPSCCO sample and MgO, CNT, TiO2 addition samples, respectively. XRD analysis showed that the decrease of the volume fraction Bi-2223 and increase Bi-2212 phase with addition MgO, CNT, and TiO2. Recurrent sintering increased Tc and narrowed transition temperature.